a lot of psychological research uses the experimental method, which creates different conditions and observes their effect on a measured variable; the creation of the different conditions is called manipulation; psychological experiments manipulate for instance the presence of other people or the presence of specific stimuli or objects
relationships are oriented through proportions, ratios and cost-benefit analyses
the quality of being manly, of embodying or possessing those behaviors, attributes, and activities that a given culture deems appropriate for men
the spontaneous manifestation of identical or similar inexplicable physical symptoms by multiple people at once
refer to those functions of gossip that help individuals learn about their social worlds, allowing individuals to understand and predict events in order to obtain reward
The ability to critically engage with messages that are depicted in media like movies, music, books, or pornography.
an idea, behavior, style, or usage that spreads from person to person within a culture
contain information about people, objects, and events; they often consist of beliefs, explanations, and sensory memories
the automatic process whereby the mind forms an image of a sensory experience
the finding that repeated stimuli are preferred over novel stimuli
one of the terms proposed for the racial mixture represented by a person with one indigenous and one European or Spanish parent
technique that statistically summarizes the findings of several studies which all deal with the same research question
can be explained in two ways, first, they can be transformations from one entity into another; this can be both within ontological categories or between ontological categories; secondly, they can be narrative poems by Ovid, consisting of fifteen books, which describes the creation and history of the world by drawing from Greek and Roman mythology
a mapping of a physical sensation to similar, or analogical, properties of an abstract concept
the process via which researchers assess whether manipulating physiological states (e.g., perceptions, motivations) changes how people think about information related to a dissimilar concept in a way consistent with the relation portrayed by metaphor
the mere act of declaring that a group exists can be enough to make people start treating those in their new ingroup with slight favouritism
type of neurons that respond to actions we observe in others
erroneous or misleading information about details of an event
a paradigm in which participants are exposed to an event, subsequently receive misleading information and are then questioned about the initial event
is the strong and "absolute" individual attitude on a moral issue
a complex situation involving a conflict between moral requirements, in which to obey one would result in transgressing another; moral psychologists distinguish between “personal” and “impersonal” moral dilemmas; an example of a personal moral dilemma is the footbridge version of the trolley problem, involving physically pushing someone from a bridge in order to save many others; an example of an impersonal moral dilemma is the switch version of the trolley problem, involving hitting a switch in order to steer the trolley to another track where it kills only one instead many other people; personal moral dilemmas tend to trigger stronger emotional reactions than impersonal ones and thus tend to result in stronger deontological judgments than impersonal moral dilemmas
The class of questions or norms that are considered “moral” as opposed to the set of norms or questions that may be conventions but not moral.
the extent to which death-related thoughts are mentally activated, such that they affect a person’s behavior
the prevalent expectation that women will bear and raise children
In a multiple-choice recognition test, people indicate which of the presented options they recognize from a past encounter. A prominent example are line ups, in which eyewitnesses have to identify a potential perpetrator among a number of people unrelated to the crime.
A process that occurs when people work together in groups. Mutual stimulation refers to benefiting from the ideas or contributions of other group members. For example, in brainstorming groups, cognitive stimulation can lead group members to think of new ideas, after hearing the ideas of the other group members.
Synonyms: cognitive stimulation
